Introduction
Over the years Renewable energy has been gaining ground as the people and the companies strive to keep CO2 emissions low and check the adverse effects of climate change. Renewable energies are sources for a sustainable environment that are endlessly produced like the sun, wind, water, plants and heat out of the earth which constantly are reproduced.
The main categories of renewable energy which are discussed in this article are the following.
Solar Power
Solar power uses the sun for two purposes; first, it produces electricity, and second, it produces heat. The sunlight is converted into electricity by semiconductor materials in the PV panels while fluids are being heated by a concentrated solar power (CSP) that focuses sunlight by mirrors to spin turbines. There has been a remarkable expansion in solar energy over the recent past because of the excessive decline in the costs and as global capacity is anticipated to be three times that of the current in 2030.
Wind Power
Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy of the wind, which originates from moving air, into mechanical power that is then used to generate electricity. Wind power capacity has been growing in the last couple of years through the usage of new technical solutions and advanced management methods of wind farms. The European Union and China are now actively developing massive offshore wind farms strategically positioned over the sea where winds are stronger and more consistent.
Hydropower
Hydroelectric energy uses the water movement function, for example, in dams and tides to produce electricity. Hydropower provides an amount of electricity closer to 20% worldwide and is likely to continually grow, with another emphasis on micro-hydropower in undeveloped countries. Unfortunately, this heavy-duty hydropower is also exposed to environmental and social damage, and this is why some people criticize it.
Bioenergy
Bioenergy can be understood as all energy generated from any material of a biosphere, particularly recently deceased ones. Some of the common examples include burning wood pellets as a heating medium, and ethanol produced from corn and biogas of which emanates from decomposing organic matter are some. In sustainable bioenergy, an unlimited supply of biomass serves as the successful energy source. Critics say these bioenergy crop types take up lands that are replacing food production.
Geothermal
The extracted energy uses the heat that nature itself produces within the depth of the Core of the earth as a source of powering the heating, cooling, and electric clean energy. However, deployment of the enhanced geothermal technology is still confined to regions where the geological conditions are favorable. However, the 100% capacity utilization of geothermal technology can be achieved by means of technological advancements.
Benefits of Renewable Energy
Mitigate Climate Change
The fact that the use of renewables will end up decreasing greenhouse gasses being emitted while fossil fuels are being burned votes for renewables. Countries are to move towards renewables in order to achieve zero emissions amounts and avoid dangerous climate change scenarios.
Improve Public Health
Contrarily, what distinguishes renewable energy from conventional fuels is the fact that renewable sources usually do not generate any air pollution or toxins, which in turn ensures that the number of environmental disasters and pollution of the air and water is reduced. The benefit of renewable energy on public health is vast in street countries but especially in developing countries.
Enhance Energy Security
Renewable energy enables the states to become more energy independent, this time with their own sources and not with the imported flammables that are associated with price volatility and supply disruptions. Local renewables – an effective strategy for national energy independence and security.
Considering the future, this fact is shared by most energy scenarios, where it is stated that renewables are capable of supplying more than half of electricity demand by 2050. The wind, solar will account for a high rate of growth which drops down so quick the costs of the technology, at the same time the hydropower and bioenergy will play a kind and steady support without which the jobs could not be done right. Reorganization and management, smart grids, and energy efficiency all experience growth toward a goal of renewables that decarbonizes the entire energy system this century.
Conclusion
Renewable energy, which is drawn from sun, wind, water, plants, and geothermal sources, has firmly settled itself as a very powerful approach in the battle against climate change primarily by reducing the release of greenhouse gasses that come from producing energy. With a decline in the expense of technology and policies for support, the installation of clean energy plants and windmills are predicted to grow significantly in the near future, resulting in unprecedented environmental improvements and economic growth. From this, the final aim is giving the world purely clean and renewable energy to benefit from a sustainable future.